Interfaces, exceptions and utils

Connection Clients

Interface

Base class for backend clients.

Created on 2018-04-23 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.client.BaseBleakClient(address_or_ble_device: Union[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, str], **kwargs)

The Client Interface for Bleak Backend implementations to implement.

The documentation of this interface should thus be safe to use as a reference for your implementation.

Parameters:

address_or_ble_device (BLEDevice or str) – The Bluetooth address of the BLE peripheral to connect to or the BLEDevice object representing it.

Keyword Arguments:  

• timeout (float) – Timeout for required discover call. Defaults to 10.0.
• disconnected_callback (callable) – Callback that will be scheduled in the event loop when the client is disconnected. The callable must take one argument, which will be this client object.

connect(**kwargs) → bool

Connect to the specified GATT server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

disconnect() → bool

Disconnect from the specified GATT server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

get_services(**kwargs) → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Get all services registered for this GATT server.

Returns:A bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection with this device’s services tree.

is_connected

Check connection status between this client and the server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

pair(*args, **kwargs) → bool

Pair with the peripheral.

read_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to read from, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

read_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

set_disconnected_callback(callback: Optional[Callable[[BaseBleakClient], None]], **kwargs) → None

Set the disconnect callback. The callback will only be called on unsolicited disconnect event.

Callbacks must accept one input which is the client object itself.

Set the callback to None to remove any existing callback.

def callback(client):
    print("Client with address {} got disconnected!".format(client.address))

client.set_disconnected_callback(callback)
client.connect()

Parameters:callback – callback to be called on disconnection.

start_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], callback: Callable[[int, bytearray], None], **kwargs) → None

Activate notifications/indications on a characteristic.

Callbacks must accept two inputs. The first will be a integer handle of the characteristic generating the data and the second will be a bytearray.

def callback(sender: int, data: bytearray):
    print(f"{sender}: {data}")
client.start_notify(char_uuid, callback)

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to activate notifications/indications on a characteristic, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• callback (function) – The function to be called on notification.

stop_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID]) → None

Deactivate notification/indication on a specified characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to deactivate notification/indication on, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.

unpair() → bool

Unpair with the peripheral.

write_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview], response: bool = False) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to write to, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.
• response (bool) – If write-with-response operation should be done. Defaults to False.

write_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.

Windows

BLE Client for Windows 10 systems, implemented with WinRT.

Created on 2020-08-19 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.winrt.client.BleakClientWinRT(address_or_ble_device: Union[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, str], **kwargs)

Native Windows Bleak Client.

Implemented using winrt, a package that enables Python developers to access Windows Runtime APIs directly from Python.

Parameters:address_or_ble_device (BLEDevice or str) – The Bluetooth address of the BLE peripheral to connect to or the BLEDevice object representing it. Keyword Arguments:  timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0.

connect(**kwargs) → bool

Connect to the specified GATT server.

Keyword Arguments:  timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0. Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

disconnect() → bool

Disconnect from the specified GATT server.

Returns:Boolean representing if device is disconnected.

get_services(**kwargs) → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Get all services registered for this GATT server.

Returns:A bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection with this device’s services tree.

is_connected

Check connection status between this client and the server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

mtu_size

Get ATT MTU size for active connection

pair(protection_level: int = None, **kwargs) → bool

Attempts to pair with the device.

Keyword Arguments:  protection_level – Windows.Devices.Enumeration.DevicePairingProtectionLevel 1: None - Pair the device using no levels of protection. 2: Encryption - Pair the device using encryption. 3: EncryptionAndAuthentication - Pair the device using encryption and authentication. (This will not work in Bleak…) Returns:Boolean regarding success of pairing.

read_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to read from, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it. Keyword Arguments:  use_cached (bool) – False forces Windows to read the value from the device again and not use its own cached value. Defaults to False. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

read_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from. Keyword Arguments:  use_cached (bool) – False forces Windows to read the value from the device again and not use its own cached value. Defaults to False. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

start_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], callback: Callable[[int, bytearray], None], **kwargs) → None

Activate notifications/indications on a characteristic.

Callbacks must accept two inputs. The first will be a uuid string object and the second will be a bytearray.

def callback(sender, data):
    print(f"{sender}: {data}")
client.start_notify(char_uuid, callback)

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to activate notifications/indications on a characteristic, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• callback (function) – The function to be called on notification.

Keyword Arguments:  

force_indicate (bool) – If this is set to True, then Bleak will set up a indication request instead of a notification request, given that the characteristic supports notifications as well as indications.

stop_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID]) → None

Deactivate notification/indication on a specified characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to deactivate notification/indication on, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.

unpair() → bool

Attempts to unpair from the device.

N.B. unpairing also leads to disconnection in the Windows backend.

Returns:Boolean on whether the unparing was successful.

write_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview], response: bool = False) → None

Perform a write operation of the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to write to, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.
• response (bool) – If write-with-response operation should be done. Defaults to False.

write_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.

macOS

BLE Client for CoreBluetooth on macOS

Created on 2019-06-26 by kevincar <kevincarrolldavis@gmail.com>

class bleak.backends.corebluetooth.client.BleakClientCoreBluetooth(address_or_ble_device: Union[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, str], **kwargs)

CoreBluetooth class interface for BleakClient

Parameters:address_or_ble_device (BLEDevice or str) – The Bluetooth address of the BLE peripheral to connect to or the BLEDevice object representing it. Keyword Arguments:  timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0.

connect(**kwargs) → bool

Connect to a specified Peripheral

Keyword Arguments:  timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0. Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

disconnect() → bool

Disconnect from the peripheral device

get_rssi() → int

To get RSSI value in dBm of the connected Peripheral

get_services(**kwargs) → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Get all services registered for this GATT server.

Returns:A bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection with this device’s services tree.

is_connected

Checks for current active connection

mtu_size

Get ATT MTU size for active connection

pair(*args, **kwargs) → bool

Attempt to pair with a peripheral.

Note

This is not available on macOS since there is not explicit method to do a pairing, Instead the docs state that it “auto-pairs” when trying to read a characteristic that requires encryption, something Bleak cannot do apparently.

Reference:

• Apple Docs
• Stack Overflow post #1
• Stack Overflow post #2

Returns:Boolean regarding success of pairing.

read_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], use_cached=False, **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to read from, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• use_cached (bool) – False forces macOS to read the value from the device again and not use its own cached value. Defaults to False.

Returns:

(bytearray) The read data.

read_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, use_cached=False, **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from.
• use_cached (bool) – False forces Windows to read the value from the device again and not use its own cached value. Defaults to False.

Returns:

(bytearray) The read data.

start_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], callback: Callable[[int, bytearray], None], **kwargs) → None

Activate notifications/indications on a characteristic.

Callbacks must accept two inputs. The first will be a integer handle of the characteristic generating the data and the second will be a bytearray containing the data sent from the connected server.

def callback(sender: int, data: bytearray):
    print(f"{sender}: {data}")
client.start_notify(char_uuid, callback)

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to activate notifications/indications on a characteristic, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• callback (function) – The function to be called on notification.

stop_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID]) → None

Deactivate notification/indication on a specified characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to deactivate notification/indication on, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.

unpair() → bool

Returns:

write_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str, uuid.UUID], data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview], response: bool = False) → None

Perform a write operation of the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristic, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to write to, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristic object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.
• response (bool) – If write-with-response operation should be done. Defaults to False.

write_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.

Linux Distributions with BlueZ

BLE Client for BlueZ on Linux

class bleak.backends.bluezdbus.client.BleakClientBlueZDBus(address_or_ble_device: Union[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, str], **kwargs)

A native Linux Bleak Client

Implemented by using the BlueZ DBUS API.

Parameters:

address_or_ble_device (BLEDevice or str) – The Bluetooth address of the BLE peripheral to connect to or the BLEDevice object representing it.

Keyword Arguments:  

• timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0.
• disconnected_callback (callable) – Callback that will be scheduled in the event loop when the client is disconnected. The callable must take one argument, which will be this client object.
• adapter (str) – Bluetooth adapter to use for discovery.

connect(**kwargs) → bool

Connect to the specified GATT server.

Keyword Arguments:  

timeout (float) – Timeout for required BleakScanner.find_device_by_address call. Defaults to 10.0.

Returns:

Boolean representing connection status.

Raises:

• BleakError – If the device is already connected or if the device could not be found.
• BleakDBusError – If there was a D-Bus error
• asyncio.TimeoutError – If the connection timed out

disconnect() → bool

Disconnect from the specified GATT server.

Returns:

Boolean representing if device is disconnected.

Raises:

• BleakDBusError – If there was a D-Bus error
• asyncio.TimeoutError if the device was not disconnected within 10 seconds

get_services(**kwargs) → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Get all services registered for this GATT server.

Returns:A bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection with this device’s services tree.

is_connected

Check connection status between this client and the server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

mtu_size

Get ATT MTU size for active connection

pair(*args, **kwargs) → bool

Pair with the peripheral.

You can use ConnectDevice method if you already know the MAC address of the device. Else you need to StartDiscovery, Trust, Pair and Connect in sequence.

Returns:Boolean regarding success of pairing.

read_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.bluezdbus.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str, uuid.UUID], **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to read from, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus object representing it. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

read_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

start_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.bluezdbus.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str, uuid.UUID], callback: Callable[[int, bytearray], None], **kwargs) → None

Activate notifications/indications on a characteristic.

Callbacks must accept two inputs. The first will be a integer handle of the characteristic generating the data and the second will be a bytearray containing the data sent from the connected server.

def callback(sender: int, data: bytearray):
    print(f"{sender}: {data}")
client.start_notify(char_uuid, callback)

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to activate notifications/indications on a characteristic, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus object representing it.
• callback (function) – The function to be called on notification.

stop_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.bluezdbus.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str, uuid.UUID]) → None

Deactivate notification/indication on a specified characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to deactivate notification/indication on, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus object representing it.

unpair() → bool

Unpair with the peripheral.

Returns:Boolean regarding success of unpairing.

write_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.bluezdbus.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str, uuid.UUID], data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview], response: bool = False) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Note

The version check below is for the “type” option to the “Characteristic.WriteValue” method that was added to Bluez in 5.51 Before that commit, Characteristic.WriteValue was only “Write with response”. Characteristic.AcquireWrite was added in Bluez 5.46 which can be used to “Write without response”, but for older versions of Bluez, it is not possible to “Write without response”.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to write to, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicBlueZDBus object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.
• response (bool) – If write-with-response operation should be done. Defaults to False.

write_gatt_descriptor(handle: int, data: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• handle (int) – The handle of the descriptor to read from.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.

Python-for-Android/Kivy

BLE Client for python-for-android

class bleak.backends.p4android.client.BleakClientP4Android(address_or_ble_device: Union[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, str], **kwargs)

A python-for-android Bleak Client

Parameters:

address_or_ble_device (BLEDevice or str) – The Bluetooth address of the BLE peripheral to connect to or the BLEDevice object representing it.

Keyword Arguments:  

• disconnected_callback (callable) – Callback that will be scheduled in the event loop when the client is disconnected. The callable must take one argument, which will be this client object.
• adapter (str) – Bluetooth adapter to use for discovery. [unused]

connect(**kwargs) → bool

Connect to the specified GATT server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

disconnect() → bool

Disconnect from the specified GATT server.

Returns:Boolean representing if device is disconnected.

get_services() → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Get all services registered for this GATT server.

Returns:A bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection with this device’s services tree.

is_connected

Check connection status between this client and the server.

Returns:Boolean representing connection status.

pair(*args, **kwargs) → bool

Pair with the peripheral.

You can use ConnectDevice method if you already know the MAC address of the device. Else you need to StartDiscovery, Trust, Pair and Connect in sequence.

Returns:Boolean regarding success of pairing.

read_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str, uuid.UUID], **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to read from, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android object representing it. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

read_gatt_descriptor(desc_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android, str, uuid.UUID], **kwargs) → bytearray

Perform read operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:desc_specifier (BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android, str or UUID) – The descriptor to read from, specified by either UUID or directly by the BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android object representing it. Returns:(bytearray) The read data.

start_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str, uuid.UUID], callback: Callable[[int, bytearray], None], **kwargs) → None

Activate notifications/indications on a characteristic.

Callbacks must accept two inputs. The first will be an integer handle of the characteristic generating the data and the second will be a bytearray containing the data sent from the connected server.

def callback(sender: int, data: bytearray):
    print(f"{sender}: {data}")
client.start_notify(char_uuid, callback)

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to activate notifications/indications on a characteristic, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android object representing it.
• callback (function) – The function to be called on notification.

stop_notify(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str, uuid.UUID]) → None

Deactivate notification/indication on a specified characteristic.

Parameters:char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to deactivate notification/indication on, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android object representing it.

unpair() → bool

Unpair with the peripheral.

Returns:Boolean regarding success of unpairing.

write_gatt_char(char_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str, uuid.UUID], data: bytearray, response: bool = False) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT characteristic.

Parameters:

• char_specifier (BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android, int, str or UUID) – The characteristic to write to, specified by either integer handle, UUID or directly by the BleakGATTCharacteristicP4Android object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.
• response (bool) – If write-with-response operation should be done. Defaults to False.

write_gatt_descriptor(desc_specifier: Union[bleak.backends.p4android.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android, str, uuid.UUID], data: bytearray) → None

Perform a write operation on the specified GATT descriptor.

Parameters:

• desc_specifier (BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android, str or UUID) – The descriptor to write to, specified by either UUID or directly by the BleakGATTDescriptorP4Android object representing it.
• data (bytes or bytearray) – The data to send.

Scanning Clients

Interface

class bleak.backends.scanner.AdvertisementData(**kwargs)

Wrapper around the advertisement data that each platform returns upon discovery

class bleak.backends.scanner.BaseBleakScanner(*args, **kwargs)

Interface for Bleak Bluetooth LE Scanners

Parameters:

• **detection_callback (callable or coroutine) – Optional function that will be called each time a device is discovered or advertising data has changed.
• **service_uuids (List[str]) – Optional list of service UUIDs to filter on. Only advertisements containing this advertising data will be received. Required on macOS 12 and later.

classmethod discover(timeout=5.0, **kwargs) → List[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice]

Scan continuously for timeout seconds and return discovered devices.

Parameters:timeout – Time to scan for. Keyword Arguments:  **kwargs – Implementations might offer additional keyword arguments sent to the constructor of the BleakScanner class.

Returns:

discovered_devices

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

classmethod find_device_by_address(device_identifier: str, timeout: float = 10.0, **kwargs) → Optional[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice]

A convenience method for obtaining a BLEDevice object specified by Bluetooth address or (macOS) UUID address.

Parameters:

• device_identifier (str) – The Bluetooth/UUID address of the Bluetooth peripheral sought.
• timeout (float) – Optional timeout to wait for detection of specified peripheral before giving up. Defaults to 10.0 seconds.

Keyword Arguments:  

adapter (str) – Bluetooth adapter to use for discovery.

Returns:

The BLEDevice sought or None if not detected.

classmethod find_device_by_filter(filterfunc: Callable[[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, bleak.backends.scanner.AdvertisementData], bool], timeout: float = 10.0, **kwargs) → Optional[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice]

A convenience method for obtaining a BLEDevice object specified by a filter function.

Parameters:

• filterfunc (AdvertisementDataFilter) – A function that is called for every BLEDevice found. It should return True only for the wanted device.
• timeout (float) – Optional timeout to wait for detection of specified peripheral before giving up. Defaults to 10.0 seconds.

Keyword Arguments:  

adapter (str) – Bluetooth adapter to use for discovery.

Returns:

The BLEDevice sought or None if not detected.

get_discovered_devices() → List[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice]

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Deprecated since version 0.11.0: This method will be removed in a future version of Bleak. Use the discovered_devices property instead.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

register_detection_callback(callback: Optional[Callable[[bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice, bleak.backends.scanner.AdvertisementData], Optional[Awaitable[None]]]]) → None

Register a callback that is called when a device is discovered or has a property changed.

If another callback has already been registered, it will be replaced with callback. None can be used to remove the current callback.

The callback is a function or coroutine that takes two arguments: BLEDevice and AdvertisementData.

Parameters:callback – A function, coroutine or None.

set_scanning_filter(**kwargs)

Set scanning filter for the BleakScanner.

Parameters:**kwargs – The filter details. This will differ a lot between backend implementations.

start()

Start scanning for devices

stop()

Stop scanning for devices

Windows

class bleak.backends.winrt.scanner.BleakScannerWinRT(**kwargs)

The native Windows Bleak BLE Scanner.

Implemented using Python/WinRT.

Keyword Arguments:  mode (scanning) – Set to “Passive” to avoid the “Active” scanning mode.

discovered_devices

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

set_scanning_filter(**kwargs)

Set a scanning filter for the BleakScanner.

Keyword Arguments:  

• SignalStrengthFilter (Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.BluetoothSignalStrengthFilter) – A BluetoothSignalStrengthFilter object used for configuration of Bluetooth LE advertisement filtering that uses signal strength-based filtering.
• AdvertisementFilter (Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisementFilter) – A BluetoothLEAdvertisementFilter object used for configuration of Bluetooth LE advertisement filtering that uses payload section-based filtering.

start()

Start scanning for devices

stop()

Stop scanning for devices

macOS

class bleak.backends.corebluetooth.scanner.BleakScannerCoreBluetooth(**kwargs)

The native macOS Bleak BLE Scanner.

Documentation: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corebluetooth/cbcentralmanager

CoreBluetooth doesn’t explicitly use Bluetooth addresses to identify peripheral devices because private devices may obscure their Bluetooth addresses. To cope with this, CoreBluetooth utilizes UUIDs for each peripheral. Bleak uses this for the BLEDevice address on macOS.

Parameters:

• **timeout (double) – The scanning timeout to be used, in case of missing stopScan_ method.
• **detection_callback (callable or coroutine) – Optional function that will be called each time a device is discovered or advertising data has changed.
• **service_uuids (List[str]) – Optional list of service UUIDs to filter on. Only advertisements containing this advertising data will be received. Required on macOS 12 and later (unless you create an app with py2app).

discovered_devices

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

set_scanning_filter(**kwargs)

Set scanning filter for the scanner.

Note

This is not implemented for macOS yet.

Raises:NotImplementedError

start()

Start scanning for devices

stop()

Stop scanning for devices

Linux Distributions with BlueZ

class bleak.backends.bluezdbus.scanner.BleakScannerBlueZDBus(**kwargs)

The native Linux Bleak BLE Scanner.

For possible values for filters, see the parameters to the SetDiscoveryFilter method in the BlueZ docs

Parameters:

• **detection_callback (callable or coroutine) – Optional function that will be called each time a device is discovered or advertising data has changed.
• **service_uuids (List[str]) – Optional list of service UUIDs to filter on. Only advertisements containing this advertising data will be received. Specifying this also enables scanning while the screen is off on Android.
• **adapter (str) – Bluetooth adapter to use for discovery.
• **filters (dict) – A dict of filters to be applied on discovery.

discovered_devices

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

set_scanning_filter(**kwargs)

Sets OS level scanning filters for the BleakScanner.

For possible values for filters, see the parameters to the SetDiscoveryFilter method in the BlueZ docs

See variant types here: <https://python-dbus-next.readthedocs.io/en/latest/type-system/>

Keyword Arguments:  filters (dict) – A dict of filters to be applied on discovery.

start()

Start scanning for devices

stop()

Stop scanning for devices

Python-for-Android/Kivy

class bleak.backends.p4android.scanner.BleakScannerP4Android(**kwargs)

The python-for-android Bleak BLE Scanner.

Parameters:

• **detection_callback (callable or coroutine) – Optional function that will be called each time a device is discovered or advertising data has changed.
• **service_uuids (List[str]) – Optional list of service UUIDs to filter on. Only advertisements containing this advertising data will be received. Specifying this also enables scanning while the screen is off on Android.

discovered_devices

Gets the devices registered by the BleakScanner.

Returns:A list of the devices that the scanner has discovered during the scanning.

set_scanning_filter(**kwargs)

Set scanning filter for the BleakScanner.

Parameters:**kwargs – The filter details. This will differ a lot between backend implementations.

start()

Start scanning for devices

stop()

Stop scanning for devices

Class representing BLE devices

Generated by bleak.discover() and bleak.backends.scanning.BaseBleakScanner.

Wrapper class for Bluetooth LE servers returned from calling bleak.discover().

Created on 2018-04-23 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.device.BLEDevice(address, name, details=None, rssi=0, **kwargs)

A simple wrapper class representing a BLE server detected during a discover call.

• When using Windows backend, details attribute is a Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.Advertisement.BluetoothLEAdvertisement object, unless it is created with the Windows.Devices.Enumeration discovery method, then is is a Windows.Devices.Enumeration.DeviceInformation.
• When using Linux backend, details attribute is a dict with keys path which has the string path to the DBus device object and props which houses the properties dictionary of the D-Bus Device.
• When using macOS backend, details attribute will be a CBPeripheral object.

address = None

The Bluetooth address of the device on this machine.

details = None

The OS native details required for connecting to the device.

metadata = None

Device specific details. Contains a uuids key which is a list of service UUIDs and a manufacturer_data field with a bytes-object from the advertised data.

name = None

The advertised name of the device.

rssi = None

RSSI, if available

GATT objects

Gatt Service Collection class and interface class for the Bleak representation of a GATT Service.

Created on 2019-03-19 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTService(obj)

Interface for the Bleak representation of a GATT Service.

add_characteristic(characteristic: bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic)

Add a BleakGATTCharacteristic to the service.

Should not be used by end user, but rather by bleak itself.

characteristics

List of characteristics for this service

description

String description for this service

get_characteristic(uuid: Union[str, uuid.UUID]) → Optional[bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic]

Get a characteristic by UUID.

Parameters:uuid – The UUID to match. Returns:The first characteristic matching uuid or None if no matching characteristic was found.

handle

The handle of this service

uuid

The UUID to this service

class bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTServiceCollection

Simple data container for storing the peripheral’s service complement.

add_characteristic(characteristic: bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic)

Add a BleakGATTCharacteristic to the service collection.

Should not be used by end user, but rather by bleak itself.

add_descriptor(descriptor: bleak.backends.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptor)

Add a BleakGATTDescriptor to the service collection.

Should not be used by end user, but rather by bleak itself.

add_service(service: bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTService)

Add a BleakGATTService to the service collection.

Should not be used by end user, but rather by bleak itself.

characteristics

Returns dictionary of handles mapping to BleakGATTCharacteristic

descriptors

Returns a dictionary of integer handles mapping to BleakGATTDescriptor

get_characteristic(specifier: Union[int, str, uuid.UUID]) → bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic

Get a characteristic by handle (int) or UUID (str or uuid.UUID)

get_descriptor(handle: int) → bleak.backends.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptor

Get a descriptor by integer handle

get_service(specifier: Union[int, str, uuid.UUID]) → bleak.backends.service.BleakGATTService

Get a service by handle (int) or UUID (str or uuid.UUID)

services

Returns dictionary of handles mapping to BleakGATTService

Interface class for the Bleak representation of a GATT Characteristic

Created on 2019-03-19 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.characteristic.BleakGATTCharacteristic(obj: Any)

Interface for the Bleak representation of a GATT Characteristic

add_descriptor(descriptor: bleak.backends.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptor)

Add a BleakGATTDescriptor to the characteristic.

Should not be used by end user, but rather by bleak itself.

description

Description for this characteristic

descriptors

List of descriptors for this service

get_descriptor(specifier: Union[int, str, uuid.UUID]) → Optional[bleak.backends.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptor]

Get a descriptor by handle (int) or UUID (str or uuid.UUID)

handle

The handle for this characteristic

properties

Properties of this characteristic

service_handle

The integer handle of the Service containing this characteristic

service_uuid

The UUID of the Service containing this characteristic

uuid

The UUID for this characteristic

class bleak.backends.characteristic.GattCharacteristicsFlags

An enumeration.

Interface class for the Bleak representation of a GATT Descriptor

Created on 2019-03-19 by hbldh <henrik.blidh@nedomkull.com>

class bleak.backends.descriptor.BleakGATTDescriptor(obj: Any)

Interface for the Bleak representation of a GATT Descriptor

characteristic_handle

handle for the characteristic that this descriptor belongs to

characteristic_uuid

UUID for the characteristic that this descriptor belongs to

description

A text description of what this descriptor represents

handle

Integer handle for this descriptor

uuid

UUID for this descriptor

Exceptions

exception bleak.exc.BleakDBusError(dbus_error: str, error_body: list)

Specialized exception type for D-Bus errors.

dbus_error

Gets the D-Bus error name, e.g. org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownObject.

dbus_error_details

Gets the optional D-Bus error details, e.g. ‘Invalid UUID’.

exception bleak.exc.BleakError

Base Exception for bleak.

Utilities

bleak.uuids.register_uuids(uuids_to_descriptions: Dict[str, str]) → None

Add or modify the mapping of 128-bit UUIDs for services and characteristics to descriptions.

Parameters:uuids_to_descriptions – A dictionary of new mappings